The aim of this paper is to propose an integrative comparative approach for the study of Modern Greek and Bulgarian phraseology. This approach takes into account previous studies, as well as the insight that the interaction of cultural linguistics and cognitive linguistics is particularly topical in the field of phraseology. The first task in carrying out such a goal is to identify and highlight the main concepts presented in phraseology and construct a relevant conceptual system. The proposed approach provides a comprehensive comparison of phraseological units at the level of the actual meaning, of the figurative identity or difference and of the syntactic structure. The field of the concept of poverty is analyzed as an illustrative example.